Present Simple: утверждение, отрицание, вопрос

Определение. Present Simple — настоящее простое время

Present Simple (настоящее простое время) используется для:

• Регулярных, повторяющихся действий: I go to school every day.
• Фактов и общих истин: The sun rises in the east.
• Привычек и расписаний: She gets up at 7 am.
• Чувств и состояний: I like ice cream.

💡 Маркеры: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week, on Mondays, in the morning/evening.

Present Simple table — таблица форм

Утверждение

Подлежащее	Глагол	Пример
I	V1 (базовая форма)	I play tennis.
You	V1	You play tennis.
We	V1	We play tennis.
They	V1	They play tennis.
He	V + s/es	He plays tennis.
She	V + s/es	She plays tennis.
It	V + s/es	It works well.

Отрицание

Подлежащее	Вспом. глагол	V1	Пример
I	don't	V1	I don't play tennis.
You	don't	V1	You don't play tennis.
We	don't	V1	We don't play tennis.
They	don't	V1	They don't play tennis.
He	doesn't	V1	He doesn't play tennis.
She	doesn't	V1	She doesn't play tennis.
It	doesn't	V1	It doesn't work.

Вопрос

Вспом. глагол	Подлежащее	V1	Пример
Do	I	V1	Do I play tennis?
Do	you	V1	Do you play tennis?
Do	we	V1	Do we play tennis?
Do	they	V1	Do they play tennis?
Does	he	V1	Does he play tennis?
Does	she	V1	Does she play tennis?
Does	it	V1	Does it work?

⚠️ Важно: После does/don't/doesn't глагол всегда возвращается в V1 (без -s): He doesn't play (не He doesn't plays). Does she read? (не Does she reads?).

Правописание окончания -s/-es

Правило	Примеры
Большинство глаголов: +s	play → plays, read → reads, like → likes
Глаголы на -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o: +es	watch → watches, go → goes, do → does, fix → fixes, wash → washes
Согласная + y: y → i + es	study → studies, cry → cries, fly → flies
Гласная + y: +s	buy → buys, say → says, play → plays

Примеры. Present Simple в речи

Утверждение:

• I get up at 7 o'clock every morning. — Я встаю в 7 часов каждое утро.
• She reads books in the evening. — Она читает книги вечером.
• They live in a big city. — Они живут в большом городе.
• He watches TV after school. — Он смотрит телевизор после школы.

Отрицание:

• I don't like coffee. — Я не люблю кофе.
• She doesn't eat meat. — Она не ест мясо.
• We don't watch TV in the morning. — Мы не смотрим телевизор утром.
• He doesn't play football on Sundays. — Он не играет в футбол по воскресеньям.

Вопросы и краткие ответы:

• Do you like pizza? — Ты любишь пиццу? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
• Does she speak English? — Она говорит по-английски? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
• Do they live in London? — Они живут в Лондоне? Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
• Does he play the guitar? — Он играет на гитаре? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

Важно! Типичные ошибки

⚠️ Не забывай -s/-es в 3-м лице единственного числа. She plays tennis (не She play tennis). He watches TV (не He watch TV).

⚠️ После doesn't глагол без -s. She doesn't play (не She doesn't plays). He doesn't like (не He doesn't likes).

⚠️ В вопросах с Does глагол без -s. Does she play? (не Does she plays?). Does he read? (не Does he reads?).

⚠️ Не путай do/does с to be. Do you like pizza? (действие — нужен do). Are you happy? (состояние — нужен to be). Это разные конструкции.